Adding machine



Jan. 31, 1928. 1,657,923

M. GosHKo ADDING MACHINE Filed April 19. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l ff @wf www? Jan. 31,1928. 1,657,923-

M. GosHKo ADDING MACHINE Filed April l9, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 n u 1. m u m w l llllnllllllsllllll Patented Jan. 31, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

Application tiled April 19, 1926. Serial Ro. 102,826.

This invention relates to an. adding machine and relates particularly to a portable adding machine of such size and weight as to be readily carried in a pocket oi a coator the like.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a simple, compact adding machine which will be inexpensive to manufacture, durable and easy to operate.

A further object of this invention is to provide an addin machine comprising a. plurality of movagle members of different orders, one member for each order, and

means whereby movement of the member.

of the lower order gradually stores up energy to loereleased at the instant the carry is totalre eiect to advance the member of.

the higher order. This action provides for a uniform distribution of energy and requires 'no more effort to move from a member of the lower order to a member of the higher order than from one digit to another digit of the same order. l

Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the drawings when read in connection with the following description, and in which drawings:

Figure 1 is atop plan View of thedevice;

Fig. 2 is a top plan sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a central sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 2 showing the inner mechanism in elevation;

Fig. 5 is a top plan View of a further embodiment of this invention;

Fig. 6 is a top plan view similar to Fig. 5., showlngthe casing in section;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the line Ie-7 o-Fig. 6; and

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on the line'8-8 of Fig. 6.

Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the device therein shown forms the preferred embodiment of this invention and comprises a casing 10'in which is positioned a plurality of ratchet mechanisms 11, the latter actuated by pawl mechanisms 12.

Each of the ratchet mechanisms 11 are identical with each other and interchangeable, and sov arranged in the casing as to overla and have parallel eccentric axes. It is pre erable to have all 4of the axes spaced equidistantly from each other in order that the. pawl mechanisms 12, acting upon the ratchet mechanisms 11,*may also be interchangeable.

The ratchet mechanism 11 comprises an annular guide plate 13 having an inner flange 14 for engaging an annular aperture in a ratchet member 15. The flange 14 is upset as at 15 to hold the ratchet member against theguide plate 13, yet allows for a free rotation thereof. The flange 14 also acts as a spacing collar to hold the ratchet mechanisms in a spaced-apart relation. Two lips 16 are provided on each side of the guide plates 13 and at diametrically opposite points thereotfor securing the adjacent guide plates together. For exam le, one set of lips secure the uppermost guide plate to the casing, while the second set of lipsv of the same guide plate secure that guide plate to the Erst set/of lips of the adjacent guide plate, and so on to the lowermost guide piate which is secured to the casing.

The ratchet member 15 is provided with a. plurality of sets 'of pointer-receiving recesses 17 and a plurality of complete sets of digits, one digit for each pointer-receiving recess and one set of recesses for each complete set oi' dio'its. As the ratchet member 15 is formed oi-a thin sheet of metal, a raised portion18 is provided in the line of the poin'ter-receiving recesses in order that thev pointer will positively engage `the recess.

An arcuate aperture 19 is `Formed Vin the casing lil-one for each of the ratchet mechanisms-and in aiignment with one set of pointerdeceiving recesses. thus permitting of the insertion of a pointer into one of the pointer-receiving recesses and a subsequent advancement of one of the ratchet members 15 to a distance correspondingl to any member of that order to be added. For convenience, a set of digit-s has been marked upon the casing opposite the pointer-receiving recesses to indicate the distance the selected number is to be advanced. A small aperture 2 0* is also provided in the casing 10 at the lower end of the arcuate aperture 19 in alignment with the digits on the ratchet member 15 and is so positioned as to indicate the total of the figures added.

The pawl mechanism 12 comprises a plun rality of double acting spring members, one spring for each ratchet mechanism which is pivotally mounted between the sets of adf plete set of digits and as many jacent guide plates 13. It is preferable to use the securing means provided by the lips 16 as pivots for these s ring members thereby eliminating va furt er operation in assembly.v One end 20 of the spring abuts the casing, while a portion 21 rides lon the crests of the teeth of the ratchet member l5. The spring is offset at 22 in order to become aligned ratchet member and is given a further resiliency by the manner in which it is formed at 23, the end 24 being disposed at substantially a right angle to the portion 2l and bearing against t-he crest of the teeth of said upper adjacent ratchet member. A lip 16a extends from each of the guideiplates and forms a guideway for the lower end of the spring members, thus preventing said spring member from disengaging` with respect to the ratchet member.

The teeth of the ratchet members 15 are so cut as to form camsnriaces upon which the pawl mechanisms ride. The cam surface thus provided extends the length of a comcamsurfaces are provided as there are :-ets ot' digits. The action of the pawl mechanism 12 upon the cam surface is as follows: The portion 21 of the spring rides upon the ca m surface of the teeth of one ratchet mechanism, gradually retractin said spring until a complete set of digits lias been used, whereupon, the spring is instant-ly released and the end 24 of the spring riding upon the surface of the teeth of the upper adjacent ratchet mechanism engages one of the notches thereotl and advances that ratchet mechanism one digit. The ratchet mechanism of the highest order is shown in the drawing as the uppermost. mechanism and each succeeding mechanism is of a lower order, therefore, a movement through one complete set of digits of the lower order will advance the next higher order one digit.

It is apparent from the foregoing that by storing up' energy in this manner, a movement of several ot' the mechanisms' simultaneously will not require any more eii'ort than the movement of one single mechanism. The follower portion 21 also serves as a nonreturn awl. to prevent backward rotation of the ad ing wheel which it engages'.l A

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive, a further embodiment ot' this invention is shown comprising a casing 25. a supporting member 26 at each end of which is disposed a roller 27, a plurality of flexible ratchet rings or bands 28, and paw] mechanism 29. The supportingmemher 26 may be made of any light substance suitable for moulding or casting or may be carved of wood. It is preferable to form this member of a fiat rectangular shape substantially like that of an ordinary wallet. Two oppof site ends 0f the suPPofiing member am with the teeth of the upper adjacent rounded and have two rollers 27 journalled therein in such a manner as to leave a substantial surface of the rollers exposed.

The rollers 27 are of metal, hard fibre, or like substance, and have annular spaced grooves 3() on their surfaces to act as guideways for the flexible rings 28. These rollers are supported in depressions 3l in the support 26 and as a result of this positioning the casing is held in a spaced relation with the inner mechanism. The flexible rings 28 rest on the surface of the supporting member 26 and, when rotated, advance over the rounded ends thereof and thence over the rollers in their respective guideways or grooves.

The flexible band or ring 28 is provided with a plurality ot' sets of pointer-receiving recesses 32 and a plurality of complete sets of digits, one set of pointer-receiving recesses for each complete set of digits. The pointer-receivingu` recesses are formed of a row of teeth, and similar to the arrangement shown in the preferred embodiment, the teeth are cut so as to form cam surfaces upon whichv the pawl mechanism rides. The cam surface thus formed extends the length of a complete set of digits and as many cam surfaces are provided as there are complete sets of digits. Notches 33 are provided in the side of the band 28 opposite the teeth, one notch for each pointer-receiving recess. t

The pawl mechanism 29 is disposed in a recess 34 and comprhes a bell crank lever 35 having an upturned portion 36 which rides on the crestsv of the vteeth providing the cam surface on the flexible band of one order, and a spring member 37 secured to the other end of the bell crank lever for engaging the notches 33 on the flexible band ot the next higher order. In addition.` an auxiliary spring 38 may be disposed in the recess 34 and press against the upturned portion of the bell crank lever 35 in order to more positively press. that portion against the cam surface and to store up energy for actuating the pawl. l

The casing' 25 is provided with elongated slots 39 in alignment with the pointer-receiving` recesses, said slot; being of sufficient. length to expose one complete set ot the atorcn'ientioned pointer-receiving recesses.

Numerals comprising one complete set of bell crank lever 35 rides along the crests of the upturned portion -36 of the mismas the teeth forming the cam of one order, gradually storing up energy by compressing the spring member 37 and the auxiliary spring 38, until a complete set of digits has been used, whereby the upturned portion 36 is instantly released and the spring member 37 engaging the notches of the liexible band of the next higher order advances that order one digit.

While it is preferable to embody this invention in theiforms herein shown and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to the specitic structureshown, since many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. An addin machine comprising a plurality of mova le members, one for each order, each member having provisions whereby it may be moved a distance corresponding to any number of that order to be added, and carry mechanism for carrying from a member oi the lower order to a member of the higher order comprising ratchet mechanism movable with the member of the higher order and pawl mechanism for actuatingsaid ratchet mechanism controlled by the member of the lower order, and cam means acting during a substantial part of the movement ofI the member of the lower order for gradually retracting said pawl mechanism to be released the instant the carry is to take effect to advance the ratchet mechanism and thereby advance the member .of the higher order, the crests of the teeth of said ratchet mechanism serving as the cam surface of said cam means.

2. An adding machine comprising a plurality ot' flat overlapping rotatable adding rings, one for each order, having eccentric parallel axes, a plurality ot' lat overlappin r annular bearing members on which said rings are rotatably mounted respectively, and means for securing said annular bearing members together.

3. An adding machine comprising a plurality ot' fiat overlapping rotatable adding rings. one for each order, having eccentric parallel axes, a plurality of flat overlapping annular bearing members on which Said rings are rotatably mounted respectively, and means for securing said annular bearing members together, comprising pivot members and carry mechanism having members oscillatable about said pivot members.

4. An adding machine comprising a plurality of flat overlapping rotatable adding rings, one for each order, having eccentric parallel axes and a plurality of fiat overlapping annular bearing members on which said rings are rotatably mounted respectively, each bearing member having its inner edge flanged over the inner edge of the adding` ring to provide a bearing therefor.

5. An adding machine comprising a plurality of flat overlapping adding .wheels having spaced parallel axes, a wheel of the higher order being provided with ratchet teeth and a wheel of the next lower order being provided with a cam, and carry means comprising a combination follower and pawl member overlying that portion of the wheel of the lower order which is not overlapped by the wheel of the higher order, said follower engaging the cam of the lower order wheel and said pawl engaging the ratchet of the higher order wheel.

6. An adding machine comprising a plurality of flat overlapping adding wheels having spaced parallel axes, a wheel of thev higher order being provided with ratchet teeth, and carrymeans controlled by the wheel ot the lower order comprising a pawl member overlying` that portion of the lower order wheel which is not overlapped by the higher order wheel and engaging said ratchet teeth.

7. in adding machine comprising a plurality of movable members, one for each order, each member having provisions whereby it may be moved a distance corresponding to any number of that order to be added, and carry'mechanism for carrying from a member of the lower order to a member or" the higher order comprising ratchet mechanism movable with the member of the higher order and pawl mechanism for actuating Said ratchet mechanism controlled by the member of the lower order and cam means formed integral with the member of the lower order acting during a substantial part of the movement of the member of 'the lower order for gradually retracting said pawl mechanism to be released the instant the carry is to take effect to advance the ratchet mechanism and thereby advance the member of the higher order.

8. An adding machine comprising a plurality of flat overlapping rotatable adding rings, one tor each order, having eccentric parallel axes and a plurality of flat overlapping annular bearing members on which said rings are rotatably mounted respectively, each bearing member having a circular edge flanged over a circular edge of the adding ring to provide a bearing therefor.

In witness whereof, l llave hereunto subscribed my name.

MICHAEL GOSH'KO.

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